What Is Heart Failure?

Heart failure occurs if the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. There are several types of heart failure. Some types of heart failure are identified according to which side of the heart is most affected, either right-sided or left-sided heart failure. Another type of heart failure is identified by the phase of the heart cycle that is causing the problem. This is called either systolic or diastolic heart failure.

Heart failure does not mean that the heart has stopped beating. It means it is beating less efficiently. The term congestive heart failure is frequently used to describe all patients with heart failure. However, congestion of the lungs from a buildup of fluid is only one symptom and does not occur in all types of heart failure.

The major causes of heart failure are:

• blockages in the arteries of the heart called coronary artery disease
• untreated high blood pressure
• disease of the heart muscle called cardiomyopathy
• heart valve problems, such as a leaky valve or a valve that is too stiff
• infections that may affect the heart muscle
• damage to the heart from alcohol or other drugs and
• lung problems, such as emphysema or other lung diseases

The most common symptoms of heart failure are:

• shortness of breath; especially with activity or while lying down
• increased feelings of tiredness or lack of energy
• chronic coughing or wheezing
• rapid weight gain of more than 3 pounds in a week and
• swelling in the feet, ankles, legs, or abdomen from fluid buildup

Treatment of heart failure depends on the cause. Sometimes medicines are given to help the kidneys get rid of excess fluid or to help the heart pump with more force. Other medicines are given to control blood pressure and to relax the heart muscle. Sometimes heart surgery can be helpful. In the most serious cases a transplant may be needed.

People with heart failure need to follow their doctor's instructions and take all their medicines as prescribed. It is also helpful for someone with heart failure to:

• check their weight frequently
• watch for swelling or increased shortness of breath
• avoid drinking large amounts of liquid or eating very salty foods; alcohol may need to be avoided as well
• exercise, especially low level exercise can be helpful to some people with heart failure (Be sure to check with your provider before starting any exercise program.)

For more information, speak with your health care provider. If your health care provider would like to refer you to a cardiologist, ask for a referral to a Saint Vincent Heart Center cardiac specialist. Information is also available by contacting your local chapter of the American Heart Association or call the national office at (800) 242-8721 or visit their website at www.americanheart.org.

Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional. HIL File CARD4291.RF2 VRS# 6101 Data Version 7.0
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